The controversial Montreal brainwashing experiments were conducted primarily between 1957 and 1964 at the Allan Memorial Institute by psychiatrist Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron, with funding from both the Canadian government and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), as part of the clandestine Project MK-ULTRA.
The project's goal was to explore mind control techniques, subjecting often unwitting psychiatric patients to extreme procedures like intensive electroshock therapy (ECT), drug-induced sleep/comas, massive doses of LSD, and prolonged sensory deprivation combined with continuous audio repetition ("psychic driving"). These non-consensual methods, intended to "depattern" and "repattern" the mind, frequently resulted in patients suffering permanent amnesia, lifelong psychological damage, and a complete disruption of their lives and families, leading to decades of legal battles seeking justice and compensation from the Canadian and U.S. governments for these severe human rights violations.
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